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Niles Eldredge's study of the Phacops trilobite genus supported the hypothesis that modifications to the arrangement of the trilobite's eye lenses proceeded by fits and starts over millions of years during the Devonian. [101] Eldredge's interpretation of the Phacops fossil record was that the aftermaths of the lens changes, but not the rapidly occurring evolutionary process, were fossilized. This and other data led Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge to publish their seminal paper on punctuated equilibrium in 1971.Riding, R. (2007). "The term stromatolite: towards an essential definition". Lethaia. 32 (4): 321–330. doi: 10.1111/j.1502-3931.1999.tb00550.x. Archived from the original on 2 May 2015.

Mayor, Adrienne (24 October 2013). Fossil Legends of the First Americans. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-4931-4. Archived from the original on 17 March 2023 . Retrieved 18 October 2019– via Google Books. Fossils that are carbonized or coalified consist of the organic remains which have been reduced primarily to the chemical element carbon. Carbonized fossils consist of a thin film which forms a silhouette of the original organism, and the original organic remains were typically soft tissues. Coalified fossils consist primarily of coal, and the original organic remains were typically woody in composition. Jablonski, David; Roy, Kaustuv; Valentine, James W.; Price, Rebecca M.; Anderson, Philip S. (16 May 2003). "The impact of the pull of the recent on the history of marine diversity". Science. 300 (5622): 1133–1135. Bibcode: 2003Sci...300.1133J. doi: 10.1126/science.1083246. ISSN 1095-9203. PMID 12750517. S2CID 42468747. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022 . Retrieved 15 December 2022. Fossils give us a useful insight into the history of life on Earth. They can teach us where life and humans came from, show us how the Earth and our environment have changed through geological time, and how continents, now widely separated, were once connected.

Mold Fossils form when all the parts (including the bones) have decayed, and all that is left is the mold of the animal. Zylberberg, L.; Laurin, M. (2011). "Analysis of fossil bone organic matrix by transmission electron microscopy". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 11 (5–6): 357–366. doi: 10.1016/j.crpv.2011.04.004. Subfossils Collections". South Australian Museum. Archived from the original on 17 June 2011 . Retrieved 23 January 2014.